Audience response systems (ARS) are a kind of information and communications technology used in deliberative contexts to gather participant feedback using wired or wireless digital devices.
Community- or citizen-based monitoring is a generic term for citizen oversight of public services. Also known as participatory monitoring, CBM is ideally led by the local population and involves both oversight and reporting of service quality, efficiency, and efficacy.
Local-to-Local Dialogues are used by Grassroots Organisations Operating Together in Sisterhood (GROOTS Kenya), to empower and giving a voice to marginalized demographics such as women.