Problems and Purpose
With the continuous development of China's modernization, the effect of urban population agglomeration continues to expand. It has been nearly half a century since my country’s community construction was proposed in the 1980s, and urban communities have become the most common choice for the life of the urban population. Commercial disputes between owners, between owners and properties, and social issues such as house purchase and retirement are all based on the new social unit of urban communities. The development of society is inseparable from the community, which is the basic group of society.
With the continuous improvement of community self-management and self-service awareness and ability, every "step backward" in the leadership and organization of community governance, construction and affairs by the grassroots government departments means that the community must "take one step forward" and fill in in time. Chongqing Municipality has provided institutional guarantees for residents' committees to mobilize the masses to participate in the consultation and discussion of various types of communities at all levels, to gather public opinion, and to resolve "little matters". By clarifying the content, procedures, and forms of different meetings, the purpose, principles, tasks, organization, and responsibilities of residents' autonomy have been integrated into various consultation systems, standardized the autonomy of neighborhood committees, and effectively increased the participation and acquisition of residents Sense, the main body of community participation has been expanded, and community governance has changed from "individual actions" of grassroots organizations to "multilateral actions", and from "government soloists" to "mass choruses."
History
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, strengthening social construction and innovating grassroots social governance have gradually become the primary tasks of the party and government. In 2013, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Promotion of Community Social Work Services", which first put forward the concept of "three agency linkages". In August 2016, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Regarding Reform Opinions on Promoting the Healthy and Orderly Development of Social Organizations by the Management System of Social Organizations", clearly stated that it is necessary to "play the active role of community social organizations in innovating grassroots social governance, and promote the establishment of a community governance pattern in which multiple actors participate", in order to promote the "three-community linkage" "Innovating grassroots social governance points out the direction. The "interaction of the three social organizations" means to give play to the role of community platforms, social organization carriers, and social workers in social governance. While improving community public services, release the space for community governance to the society; cultivate and develop social organizations so that they Become the cradle for the growth of social work talents; build a team of social work talents and strengthen the delivery system of the social welfare system. By advancing the "three-community linkage", the transition from community management to community governance.
Originating Entities and Funding
In the practice of promoting grass-roots social governance, Chongqing has gradually clarified the responsibilities of the "three social organizations" and clarified the linkage relationship: the grassroots party committee and government are the direct leaders of the "three-community linkage" and grasp the direction; the community "two committees" are the "three-community linkage" "Bridges and ties, provide a platform for social organizations and social work professionals to participate in governance services; social organizations are an important carrier of the "three social linkages", and they work closely with the grassroots party committees and governments and the community "two committees" to recruit social work professionals; society Work professionals are the backbone of the "three-community linkage" professional force, actively integrating into communities and social organizations, providing professional services to residents, and boosting the capacity building of the "two committees" and community development. Strengthen the design of the top-level system. The Organization Department of the Municipal Party Committee, the Civil Affairs Bureau, and the Municipal Finance Bureau jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Promotion of Community Social Work Services", which listed community social work as the central task of the city's social work development. Formulated and promulgated the "Chongqing City Social Work Service "411" Demonstration Project Implementation Plan", clarified that the Civil Affairs Bureau took the lead, and included the promotion of the "three-community linkage" in the annual assessment of districts and counties. Encourage mechanism innovation. All district and county governments have issued relevant policies and measures, and vigorously promoted the promotion of "three-community linkage" and innovative social governance as a major characteristic work. For example, Yuzhong District put forward the "1535 general idea": "One big goal", "Five key tasks", "Three major working mechanisms", and promote the standardization of facilities, management grid, work institutionalization, creation of characteristics, and means informatization "five modernizations" "Construction", the "1+16" document system has been introduced successively to lay a good foundation for the promotion of the "three agency linkage".
Participant Recruitment and Selection
Community building, social organization building, and social work should support each other, permeate and integrate them, so as to fully stimulate the vitality of social organizations, effectively carry out social work, solve community problems, and improve the process of community governance. As the basic unit of society, the community is the meeting point of various interest relations and social contradictions, as well as the gathering point of various departments of the party committee and government. The so-called "thousands of lines above, one needle below", to implement the requirements of the central government, perform government functions well, and respond to the needs of the masses, it is urgent for grassroots governments to further change their concepts, innovate ideas, and make better use of market mechanisms, public welfare mechanisms and The government-society cooperation mechanism fully mobilizes the forces of community organizations, social organizations, professional social workers and volunteers, continuously enriches government work methods, extends government work capabilities, and promotes the effective integration of various government resources at the community level to ensure that government functions are at the end Take roots at a distance of one kilometer.
Methods and Tools Used
The fundamental feature of modern community governance structure is to promote the supply of community public affairs and service products through interaction, negotiation and cooperation through the joint participation of the government, social organizations and individual citizens, so as to achieve the co-governance of the community by multiple subjects. One of the important dimensions of the exploration attempts to improve and innovate the community governance structure model is the institutionalization of the interaction of the three main bodies in the "three-community linkage". Specifically, it is to take the community party committee as the core, relying on the three main bodies of community neighborhood committees, social organizations, and social workers, and close cooperation and interactive participation by community residents, property committees, property management companies, and district units. Build a shared community governance structure and model. The so-called "institutionalization" refers to a relatively stable operation path in the decision-making of community public affairs, the interaction between organizations, and the communication between multiple subjects.
Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction
Give full play to the role of the main position of the community, highlight the construction of the two committees of the community, adhere to the method of autonomy and co-governance, and promote the formation of a new pattern of community governance based on the community and guided by the people's livelihood.
Reduce burden and increase efficiency, and optimize the community platform environment. Comprehensively clean up community affairs, compile a catalog of public affairs undertaken by the community, and establish an access system for public service affairs to reduce the burden on the community by more than 40% on average. After the "burden reduction" in Yuzhong District, the list of matters undertaken by the community neighborhood committee was reduced from the previous 296 items and standardized to 72 items. Nan'an District has streamlined 404 community affairs into 70, established a catalog of village neighborhood committees to undertake public affairs, and implemented a village (community) administrative affairs access and accountability system.
Promote the "three things diversion" and clarify the boundaries of power and responsibility. Adhere to the problem-oriented approach, the problems of urban and rural residents are negotiated at the grassroots level, and handled in accordance with the classification of "major", "small", and "private" to resolve difficulties and contradictions, respond to residents' demands, and maintain community harmony. "Major events" refer to government administrative matters and basic public services, which are handled by government departments. Resident appeals that are agreed to be "major events" should be submitted to relevant departments for feedback through the "three-level service center" (offline) and the "comprehensive information platform for mass work" (online). "Small things" are matters of community self-government and public welfare services. The two committees of the community take the lead, and the community self-government organizations, community social organizations, community units and residents jointly negotiate and handle them. Residents' demands that are agreed as "trivial matters" are resolved through the two committees of the community to convene stakeholders to conduct democratic consultations and resolve them in accordance with the principle of "one matter, one discussion" democratic decision-making. "Private affairs" refer to residents' personal affairs and market services. Residents' demands that are agreed upon as "private affairs" shall be guided to resolve or seek market services on their own.
Carry out discussion and consultation to expand residents' participation. Focusing on the "three things diversion", Nan'an District introduced the negotiation and dialogue mechanism into the practice of grassroots self-government, attracting stakeholders to participate in consultations, and standardizing community consultations at different levels. For example, relying on the community autonomy system to standardize the "three-level discussion" mechanism of buildings (courts), resident groups, and communities; relying on the community's multiple subjects to standardize the discussion mechanism of community organizations; relying on the conflict and dispute mediation system to standardize the resolution of major conflicts among residents. "One matter, one discussion" mechanism. Each community uses community meeting rooms, cultural squares and other venues to set up relatively fixed venues for discussion. Let residents and grassroots organizations have a platform, channel, and standard for discussion and negotiation, and form a habit of "proposing it by itself, discussing it by itself, determining it by itself, and doing it by itself" within the scope of the law. In response to prominent problems such as weak public security prevention capabilities in old scattered communities and prone to criminal cases, Huayuan Road Street has guided the community to hold multiple coordination meetings to allow residents to fully express their wishes, guide residents to clarify responsibilities, and unify their thoughts in a timely manner. ", "Do your own things by yourself". Residents have invested a total of 250,000 yuan to win the collaborative support of social units of 750,000. 355 cameras have been installed in 7 old and scattered communities, benefiting 16,000 residents. The residents have a significant sense of autonomy and participation. Promote.
Taking people's livelihood as the guide, promote the project-based operation of community affairs. Focusing on the six major needs of residents for safety, health, mutual assistance, convenience, entertainment, culture and education, based on the characteristics of the community's history and humanities, social resources, and mass advantages, design community service projects and promote the project-based operation of community affairs. Promote normalization. Nan'an District has carried out systematically questioning and calculating activities, collecting a total of 2,118 suggestions for problems, and establishing a "list-based management and project-based governance" working mechanism in accordance with the principles of triage separation and hierarchical management. Among them, 967 items were solved immediately. , Streets, towns, and departments undertook to resolve 974 items within a time limit, and submit 177 items to the entire district for overall resolution.
Influence, Outcomes, and Effects
From the perspective of social governance, Chongqing’s “three-community linkage” through the sinking of the grassroots community governance platform, the two committees of the community, the core of community governance, are more organically connected to social organizations, community activists, community residents, and social workers. Integration has reshaped the governance structure of the grassroots community, unblocked the community interest expression mechanism, enhanced the interest coordination ability, improved the community interest protection mechanism, and laid a basic development platform for the refined development of community governance in the future. A new model of "three-community linkage" featuring community participation in a platform, an ecological organization system, and an institutionalized interaction between the main bodies has been realized.
Analysis and Lessons Learned Secondary Sources "" Sanja interaction "with the grass-roots social management innovation - A Case Study of Chongqing based on experience" Author: Liu Feng External Links
http://www.mca.gov.cn/article/yw/shgzyzyfw/dfjy/201705/20170500004506.shtml
http://news.xinhuanet.com/gongyi/2017-06/28/c_129642717.htm
